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![]() ![]() Insomnia disorder is the most severe clinical manifestation of recurrent and chronic perceived sleep dissatisfaction (difficultly falling asleep and staying asleep despite having an adequate opportunity to sleep) occurring several times per week, resulting in significant distress and daytime consequences (e.g., sleepiness difficulties with attention, concentration and memory mood lability). Over and above these typical changes in sleep is the emergence of insomnia disorder in a portion of adolescents, which has received less attention in the literature. Typical developmental changes and challenges to sleep faced by adolescents have been the topic of several recent reviews ( 1– 3). Insufficient sleep and sleepiness in adolescents is a serious public health issue ( 1). Current evidence indicates that insomnia in adolescence is an independent entity that warrants attention as a public health concern in its own right. Cognitive behavioral treatments have proven efficacy for adolescent insomnia and online methods seem to offer promising cost-effective options. Insomnia disorder is associated with depression and other psychiatric disorders, and is an independent risk factor for suicidality and substance use in adolescents, raising the possibility that treating insomnia symptoms in early adolescence may reduce risk for these adverse outcomes. Insomnia disorder goes beyond an individual complaint of poor sleep or a sleep state misperception, and there is emerging evidence supporting the association of insomnia symptoms in adolescents with alterations in several bio-systems including functional cortical alterations and systemic inflammation. However, insomnia disorder in adolescence is poorly characterized, under-recognized, under-diagnosed, and under-treated, and the reason for the female preponderance for insomnia that emerges after puberty is largely unknown. Insomnia disorder is very common in adolescents it is particularly manifest in older adolescents and girls, with a prevalence comparable to that of other major psychiatric disorders (e.g., depressive disorders). ![]()
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